Liberal democracy is on the defensive around the world, and articulating religious visions for it is more urgent than ever. This three-session course examines how three twentieth-century Orthodox rabbis — Moshe Feinstein, Joseph B. Soloveitchik, and Jonathan Sacks — thought about the liberal state, democratic self-governance, and civil society. Each approached the question from a different vantage point: Feinstein as a halakhic decisor ruling for an immigrant community, Soloveitchik as a theologian of community and dignity, Sacks as a public theologian addressing a whole society. Reading them alongside contemporary interpreters such as Shira Wolosky and Tanya White, we will ask what their different visions of liberalism have in common, and what they each have to teach us in a century that has stopped taking democracy for granted.